A Tale Of Two Cities - Character Analysis Essays -

A Tale of Two Cities - Character Analysis In the 16th century Charles Dickens wrote the unforgettable novel A Tale of Two Cities. In it he created two of the most remarkable fictional characters of all time. One is the bloodthirsty Madame Defarge, and the other is the selfless Sydney Carton. Madame Defarge is a peasant who seeks revenge on all aristocrats who cross her path. In contrast, Sydney Carton is a man who is willing to do anything for the love of his life. While the actions of these two characters clearly delineate their differences, the underlying forces that drive each character are quite similar. From Madame Defarges actions, it is clear that she is the evil antagonist in the novel. Even in the manner that she is physically described, she is presented as dark and therefore she is seen as evil. She is as evil as she is because when she was younger the DEvremonde brothers killed her whole family. Now the purpose of her life is to procure revenge on the DEvremonde family and every other aristocrat. Even when told by her beloved husband she has gone to far, she does not stop. Instead her repartee to him was, Tell the wind and fire where to stop; not me. In it she evidently expresses how she will never forget what was done to her family and how the DEvermondes are deserving of what they will receive. The actions she performs in her daily life demonstrate her evilness. In the novel it seems as though she is the bad guy who is starting up all the trouble. It is her need for revenge, in the book, that starts the revolution. While Dickens presents Sydney Carton as a worthless drunk, in contrast to Madame Defarge, he is the Christ-like noble figure of the novel. He appears to the readers of A Tale of Two Cities as a worthless drunk and a man who has not acquired any high social position in his life. Also, it seems as though his life has resulted to nothing. At one point he says, I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me, but that changes when he meets Lucie Manette. He develops an undying juvenile-like love for her. Sydney is willing to do anything for her and tells her so in a beautiful speech he made to her. In it he states, Think now and then that there is a man who would give up his life, to keep a life you love beside you. Although she does not marry him, he continues to love her until the day he dies. While anticipating if he should give up his life for her love Charles, he demonstrates his selflessness by saying, Let the Doctor play the winning game; I will play the losing one. W hat Sydney is losing is his life and that is in order for Doctor Manette to remain with his son in law and for Lucie, her husband. Both men love Lucie and they know she will not be the same without her husband, so Sydney offers his life to keep a life Lucie loves beside her. While the actions of these two characters symbolize good versus evil, the driving forces that drive both Madame Defarge and Sydney Carton ironically are very similar. Both Defarge and Carton live their lives passionately. Madame Defarge passionately devotes her live to seeking revenge. She constantly knits a list of those she wishes dead in order to fulfill that wish. She even attempts to ruin the lives of people not on her list in order to ruin the lives of those on her list. Sydney Carton is so passionately in love with Lucie Manette and not willing to give up. He states, It is a far, far better thing that I do, that I have ever done; it is a Far, far better rest than I have ever known. He is speaking of how is life has resulted to nothing so what he will now do it better than anything he has ever done before. Also, everything he does his for his love, who he loves so passionately. Along with that, in his speech

Obamacare the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Obamacare the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as â€Å"Obamacare† has elicited different argument in its support and against it. The conservative and the liberal have come out to express their applause and concerns on this piece of legislation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Obamacare† the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interesting to note is the wide use of different forms of language to pass their message to each other and to the nation at large. There have been contentious issues between the liberal and conservative parties in terms of morality and frames of the introduced health care reform. The effectiveness and validity of the arguments do not depend either on premises or on conclusions, but on the right form of the statement. Within this context, in case the premise is false, the conclusion should be false as well and vice ver sa. Alternative variants are not acceptable. This essay shall seek to determine how various forms of statements are employed to achieve certain purposes. The essay also delves into how effective this purpose is achieved. Invalid reasoning is a form of reasoning that is characterized by the strong stand with very little or no reasoning at all. This form of reasoning has no input in terms of logic. It does seek to critically analyze the underlying issues to come up with its conclusions. The examples of invalid reasoning are reflected in the right-wing representatives who focus on sound and strong conclusions with no reference to logical references. At a glance, their focus on unconstitutionality does not provide concrete examples from the U.S. constitution (Wilson 3). However, the emphasis is placed on the rigid violation of human rights and excess pressure on the state and federal government on the citizens’ decision to buy private insurance.Advertising Looking for ess ay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the premise that â€Å"the health care reform act is simply a bad law† cannot be regarded as the right one (Wilson 3). In this respect, the effectiveness of argumentation in this case is low because it does not correspond to the conclusions made. The opposite for invalid reasoning is Logical validity. This normally concerns itself with the form of an argument. Logically valid arguments are based on premises that are usually minimally relevant to the conclusion. Also imperative to note is that if the premises are all true, then logically the conclusion must be true. The reason is that it is always impossible to have a valid argument based true premises and end up with a false conclusion. Arguments must be valid to give us a sufficient reason to accept a conclusion. An example of the valid argument is represented in the article published in The New York Time s where the author criticizes the reform because of the fiscal crisis. Hence, his argument is confined to the idea that the government will suffer extreme financial losses because a money deficiency for providing insurance to people belonging to the social layers below the poverty line (Rush to Abandon the Poor 2). However, the article represented by Degolia, the left-wing representative, does not provide substantial premises for building the argument because it refers directly to the criticism of the right-wing policy (2). The article published by The Progressive focuses on moral dimension and real-to-life stories who failed to receive adequate treatment because of the inability to get health care insurance (Clinton 3). The author makes a viable conclusion that corresponds to the initial assumptions. You’re mixing the introduction, which only needs to set up your discussion, with a body paragraph, which gets tangled up in the details Effective reasoning involves a combinatio n of different factors such as experience in order to come up with a conclusion. The decision derived from effective reasoning is also known as sound conclusion. It seeks to base its argument on the statistics that are available.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Obamacare† the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effective reasoning is a proper means of challenging the invalid reasoning. For instance, in a New York Times Article titles Rush to abandon the poor, the author uses statistics to counter the Governor’s (from Texas) stand against the ObamaCare. The author points out that over 6.3 billion people are uninsured in Texas. This is using the numbers that are available in order to advance an argument. The author explains the dire consequences of rejecting the ObamaCare on that ground. While the governor had not relied on any sufficient evidence or experien ce for his stand, the author offers the reasons why it is important to accept the ObamaCare. All the nonfiction works introduce various approaches and rhetoric devices to render the main thoughts and ideas concerning the implementation of ACA. Nonfiction reasoning reasons out of the belief that what he thinks about is true. For instance, in the ObamaCare, the nonfiction approach is that the rejection of the plan shall leave many people without insurance and therefore bring real adverse effects. This is the belief among those in support of the plan. The adverse effects are real and non fictional. Despite the predominance of criticism of the law among the right-wing supporters and approval on the part of liberal parties, the argumentation techniques still vary. This is of particular concern to the authors holding the central political outlook on the health care reform introduced by Obama. Critical thinking normally refers to our ability to be able to think about complex ideas on our o wn and come up within conclusions that form the basis of our criticism or support in any argument. It encompasses thinking for ourselves as well as the ability to synthesize the contents and end up with a rational conclusion and deductions.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In such a manner, the author manages to reproduce a persuasive argument and introduce personal assessment of the situation. To support personal observations and reassure the audience in the validity of the argument, some authors apply to numeric data, as it is represented in the article published by Associated Press (1). In this respect, the evidence shows that a combination of subjective and objective evaluations of the issue is effective because it performs two important functions – grabs the audience attention and engages them in the author’s personal opinion. To understand the main concepts and critical ideas on the chosen readings, it is necessary to challenge the assumptions and read thoughts between the lines. The point is that all the presented articles introduce various rhetoric to persuade the audience in the messages they render, as well as to define whether their ideas are well organized and articulated. As an example, Jasper argues, â€Å"Repealing ObamaC are is also absolutely necessary if we hope to avoid national economic collapse† (1). So, what is the connection between the Affordable Care Act and national economic collapse? To explain the issue, the author refers to the analysis of other articles exploring the essence of the reform to conclude that â€Å"health care reform†¦ is jam-packed with dangerous language that will provide federal bureaucrats with vast new powers that are compatible with totalitarian systems of government, but not with the American tradition of liberty† (p. 3). To expand on the point, the author emphasizes that radical position on the reform contradicts the premises of the U.S. constitutions in terms of human rights and freedoms. In this respect, the author makes use of the language to persuade the audience that the given law can create serious challenges to the economic and social welfare of the U.S. nation. In addition, the article is based on the approach of proving the issue from the contrary. Thus, the author first presents the idea of ObamaCare as an essential law and proceeds with heavy criticism of the latter. Proving from the contrary is also reflected in the article by Kirsch (2). Specifically, the article discusses in detail all the benefits and the positive changes that the new law can bring into the healthcare. However, the pitfalls of the reform are still discussed on the background of the highlighted advantages. In this respect, though the Act can provide people with a higher level of living for some layers of the population, the middle-class employees will face the most serious difficulties because the subsidies are not sufficient to allow the employees to purchase the private health care insurance. At a certain angle, Kirsch applies to a sophisticated approach and takes a pseudo-neutral position to attract more readers to the issue. Similar techniques are represented by Lapointe who addresses until the problem as a third party criticizing both the Republicans and Democrats (3). However, despite the criticism of the opposed parties, the article still provides arguments in favor the adoption of the Affordable Care Act. In such a manner, the author explains, â€Å"under the affordable care act of 2010, people with pre-existing conditions would no longer be defined coverage by insurance companies† (Lapointe 3). Despite the fact that the article is published in the newspaper supporting conservative views, it still represents the legislation from a positive perspective. At the same time, the author introduces a contradictory point of views right after enlarging on the positive effects of the presented law. So, why does the author produce an extremely contrasting view with no exact position in regard to the ObamaCare? Apparently, such a position has been chosen to encourage more audience to deliberate on the issue giving no political importance to the reform. Even the last sentence â€Å"America desperately needs healthcare reform, and Obamacare is the answer† does not actually provide a clear response to the exact position of the author toward the health care policies in the United States. The articles under consideration also apply various modes of persuasion to endow their writing speech with a certain tone and to attract specific target audiences. Use of logos, pathos, and ethos vary from one work to another, but certain tendencies are still represented differently with regard to the authors’ political preferences. Political affiliations and assumptions are explicitly represented through the three modes of persuasion being the major tool in delivering messages to the audience. An in-depth analysis of the readings has revealed certain tendencies in the techniques used by the representatives of liberal, central, and conservatives vies. In particular, the representatives of the liberal, left-wing attitudes prefer using ethos to persuade the audience. As a proof, the authors apply mostly t o existing facts and knowledge to base their personal evaluation on. In contrast, the articles published by the New Yorker, the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal pathos in combination with logos to provoke emotions among the target audience. They rely on moral dimensions and highlight ethical concerns of the reform outcomes. For instance, Gawande (3) makes an accent on the moral conception of the story about a terminally ill patient who does not lose hope during treating lung cancer (3). Using radical methods in treating cancer, the author as if calls the reader to think over new changes and shifts in the health care system. Because of the radical influences, it is purposeful to assume that the author supports the revolutionary approach that should be applied to improve the situation in the country. Finally, the conservative proponents – the Washington Times, the New American, and The American Spectator – choose to use a double approach t o persuading and capturing the attention of their audience and, therefore, they use a combination of pathos and ethos to enhance their articles. While reading the article, the audience should clearly distinguish between personal opinion and exposition of knowledge and facts. To begin with the authors refer to facts and knowledge to enhance the objectivity to the ideas delivered in the article. In such a way, they can capture the attention of the readers who are more interested in the presence of objective evaluation to the event and are skeptical in terms of the authors’ personal argument. In this respect, author’ personal opinion is represented as a subjective dimension in the article. It is obvious that all newspaper articles seek to deliver a subjective opinion on the issue to determine the authors’ position, as well as identify the political beliefs they uphold. With regard to the chosen material for analysis, all the articles deliver subjectivity, but to a different extent. Specifically, much subjectivity is imposed on the story represented by Gawande (3) who introduces a tragic story about women who has a serious form of lung cancer, but who remains optimistic and hopeful. Focusing on emotional dimension, the author makes use of personal opinion to enhance audience’s emotional engagement with the story. In contrast, Jasper is more concerned with representing objective facts and focus on the logic of thoughts exposition. In such a manner, the author manages to persuade the audience that the article represents a strong chain of arguments and assumptions. In particular, the article refers to existing legislation passages to ensure that Obamacare policies cannot be justified in a constitutional way. To contrast and compare, Gawande, a newspaper reporter has produced an emotionally colored story about a terminally ill patient with no reference to ObamaCare policy. In such a manner, the author emphasizes the necessity to introduce p rogressive and revolutionary changes to the medical sphere and medical treatment in general. The writing represented by the Washington Post focus on the deplorable status of the uninsured citizens in the United States. In particular, the author generalizes the negative consequences and refers directly to the shortcomings of Medicaid expansion, which could still leave some layers of the population without health care insurance. In this respect, much concern should be connected with the consistency and reasonableness of the presented policy. In such a way, the given work refuses to support the ObamaCare project because of large-scale negative outcomes. Finally, the Wall Street Journal chooses a neutral position and addresses the debates between Liberal and Conservatives to objectively evaluate the pros and cons of the Affordable Care Act in terms of the racial discrimination policy. At this point, Taranto centers on the problem of political correctness that has come to the forth becau se of the radically introduced reform. Hence choosing various approaches and tools for addressing the issues, the central forces remain neutral toward the reform by introducing the negative and positive outcomes of reform and by criticizing the accusation on the part of conservatives and liberals. Explicit distinctions between personal opinion and facts are represented in the work by Taranto who introduces quotes for the readers’ objective evaluation and provides personal analysis for the audience to contrast and compare it with their own vision of the argument. In conclusion, a critical analysis of the presented articles discovering the liberal and conservative views on ObamaCare policy has revealed explicit tendencies in expressing thoughts and delivering specific concepts. In particular, liberal proponents are more concerned with radical and revolutionary changes that should occur in the country and, therefore, the articles supporting this position uphold the adoption of t he Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Conservative supporters reject the reasonableness of the ObamaCare policy because of the significant economic and political consequences. Their neutral position is taken by the newspapers that introduce the debate from third-party perspectives. In addition, presenting ideas is also followed by the distinct use of ethos, pathos, and logos. In this respect, liberal wing is more concerned with using ethos; conservative activists prefer to make use of pathos. Finally, the central forces refer to mixed modes of persuasion. Despite discrepancies in using rhetoric devices, all the authors have managed to use a combination of objective and subjective observations, which essential for attracting the target audience. Associated Press. â€Å"States Could Leave Millions of Low-Income People Uninsured in a New Medicaid ‘Doughnut Hole.† Washington Post. 2012. Web. washingtonpost.com/business/states-could-leave-millions-of-low-income-peo ple-uninsured-in-a-new-medicaid-doughnut-hole/2012/07/17/gJQAsrKEsW_story.html Clinton, Kate. â€Å"Public Health Care Cures Worry†. The Progressive. 2009. Web. progressive.org/node/134240/2789 Degolia, Rachel. â€Å"†Obamacare† Fight Could Determine Nation’s Future†. People’s World. 2012. Web. http://peoplesworld.org/obamacare-fight-could-determine-nation-s-future/ Gawande, Atul. â€Å"Letting Go: What Should Medicine Do When It Can’t Save Your Life?†. The New Yorker. 2010, Web. newyorker.com/reporting/2010/08/02/100802fa_fact_gawande?currentPage=1 Jasper, William F. â€Å"Repealing Obamacare†. New American. 2010. Web. thenewamerican.com/usnews/health-care/item/1779-repealing-obamacare Kirsch, Richard. â€Å"In Defense of ‘Obamacare’†. The Nation. thenation.com/article/166950/defense-obamacare Lapointe, Mike. â€Å"Obamacare: The Answer to America’s Need for Healthcare Reform†. The Washin gton Times. 2012. Web. http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/americas-political-pulse/2012/jun/24/obamacare-answer-america-need-healthcare-reform/ Rush to Abandon the Poor. The New York Times. 2012. Web. nytimes.com/2012/07/18/opinion/the-rush-to-abandon-the-poor.html?_r=3 Taranto, James. â€Å"Political Correctness and Racial Tension†. The Wall Street Journal. 2012. Web. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304388004577529680052846846.html?KEYWORDS=obamacare Wilson, Andrew B. â€Å"Ten Ways That Obamacare Is Bad Law† The American Spectator. 2012. Web. http://spectator.org/archives/2012/04/03/ten-ways-that-obamacare-is-bad

Critical Infrastructure Security and Policy Essay

Critical Infrastructure Security and Policy - Essay Example It certainly has grabbed the USA government attentions onto it and made them obliged to take some instantly grave actions in order to prevent the impact of resulting turmoil. CFR's latest  Preventive Priorities Survey  (PPS) lists insecurity in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, an Iranian nuclear disaster, and an amplification of the European sovereign debt crisis among the most important international unforeseen event relative to U.S. national interests that has ultimately shaped as a frightening threat to the USA. Let us examine carefully all the threats that have been experienced by the USA and see the reason behind every threat (Chertoff, 2009). The outburst of Cyber Attacks Countries that attack the United States China Russia There are two countries in particular that have recently advanced their cyber attacks on the United States because of their new revival into the global economy, China and Russia. The United States had publicly accused both China and Russia of recent attacks th at the United States had experienced. This recent attack from China exposed that China was aiming 48 different defense corporations from the United States, United Kingdom, and Bangladesh (Kim, 2011). This has been an enduring theme from China, who is trying to achieve information and blueprints from countries that have better more advanced technology than they do themselves. While Russia doesn’t attack the United States as repeatedly as China does, simply because Russia doesn’t have the hackers available to attack a defense shield as the United States has, they are getting an abundance of practice on the former countries part of the Soviet Union (energy. Gov, 2012). Along with different countries that use cyber attacks to target the United States there are also terror groups that are starting to use cyber attacks and also other groups seeking to chop into government systems to gather information. It is predictable that with the physical defense of countries growing esp ecially the United States, that terrorists which rely on cyber terror attacks on the United States rather than physical attacks because it is now much convenient and effective to shake the United States dominance via cyber attacks. Threats to control systems can come from various resources, including antagonistic governments, terrorist groups, annoyed employees, and malicious burglars. To guard against these threats, it is essential to construct a secure cyber-barrier around the Industrial Control System (ICS). Now the USA digital infrastructure is vulnerable. Yet the Department of Defense can’t do everything on its own. Corporations that don’t shield themselves are putting both their bottom lines and national security at threat. Yes, cyber security standards are an imperfect response to a weird and dangerous new kingdom of conflict. At the moment, though, they’re the only thing eminence between us and the abyss (Johsen, 2011). Al Qaeda threatens to USA The fact that a catastrophic attack against America equivalent to 9/11 has not occurred over the past 11 years should not recommend that a future one is not being designed. In summer 2006, al Qaeda-linked functioning in London schemed to explode liquid explosives on board 10 transatlantic airliners flying from the UK to America and Canada. In September 2009, Najibullah Zazi and his acquaintances were detained for plotting to carry out a suicide

How does aviation impact the environment What could be done to improve Essay

How does aviation impact the environment What could be done to improve things - Essay Example Many aircrafts use avgas (Aviation Gasoline) as a fuel. It contains tetra-ethyl lead (TEL) that is a highly toxic chemical. It causes soil pollution at airports. It also pollutes air and causes various respiratory problems. The greatest threat caused to the environment is in the form of the chemical gases that emit out of the aviation aircrafts. So, these should be considered specifically. First of all, improvement in the design of aircrafts engine is required. An engine which reduces the emission of toxic gases such as Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides is required. This may greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused due to these gases. Despite manufacturing new engines, the improvement in older engines can also be helpful. High-pressure turbine nozzles, upgraded gas turbines and steam injection can greatly assist in minimizing the pollution. Another requirement is to design engine which reduces the fuel combustion as fuel burn also contributes heavily to the air pollution. Moreover, light aircrafts can be run on lower-compression engines which may be operated on mogas (Motor Gasoline) mogas does not contain tetra-ethyl lead (TEL). thus, using mogas instead of avgas will be hel pful in minimizing air pollution. Another way of reducing environmental pollution caused from aviation is by improving operational efficiency of the aircraft i.e. by increasing the number of passengers in each flight. This will reduce the emissions per passenger. The reduction in taxi time may also be helpful in reducing pollution. Pollution may also be reduced by reducing energy output during landing, takeoff and taxi

A news release from January 20th,indicates a NY Senator with the Assignment

A news release from January 20th,indicates a NY Senator with the backing of Gov. Cuomo, is pushing to raise the age of criminal responsibility from 16 Years old to 18 Years old - Assignment Example As such, the ideal way to deal with the teenage should be through rehabilitation rather than criminal punishment. The only long term answer to juvenile crime is reform of the teenage. Teenage are more susceptible to this change, and the rate of recalcitrance for juvenile offenders under counseling programs in the US have always been significantly lower than that of the adult offenders. Putting teenage in a prison, and even worse with adult offenders is probably to increase the chance of recalcitrance. They are areas of society that should have age issues examined, such as driving. Teenage below 18 years old is susceptible to accident more than any other cohort in the US. This is because the teen tends to be careless and have cases of driving while drunk. The re-examination of the issues will help reduce cases of accidents that are now common in many states. In my view, it is essential to developing new methods for addressing cases of youth offenders to help prevent them from being placed in adult jails (Marchuk,

Causes and Treatments for Dyslexia: Overview of Theories

Causes and Treatments for Dyslexia: Overview of Theories A common definition of dyslexia states it is a specific difficulty in gaining literacy skills that occurs in people who otherwise appear to be developing normally (Snowling, 1987). It is thought to occur in between 3% and 10% of the population (Habib, 2000). Methods of treating and managing dyslexia have been largely influenced by theories about its aetiology. Three different types of explanations are examined here: the behavioural, the cognitive and the biological. Each of these suggests a contrasting approach to treatment. The cognitive approach to dyslexia can be seen in the phonological theory. This has one of the longest pedigrees amongst explanations for dyslexia and it suggests a deficit in working memory (Bradley Bryant, 1978). Specifically, this theory suggests that part of the short-term memory the phonological loop has a deficit causing dyslexics to have difficulties representing, storing and retrieving the sounds of speech. In order to learn to read, the theory argues, it is necessary to make connections between phonemes (the units of sounds that make up words) and graphemes (the units of letters that make up words). Problems in making this connection will tend to result in reading deficits. This cognitive explanation clearly suggests that strengthening the link between graphemes and phonemes will help those with dyslexia (Lyytinen, Erskine, Aro Richardson, 2007). Consequently there are a huge range of different interventions focussed on encouraging the learning of these connections. Ehri et al. (2001), reviewing these approaches, found they generally fall into three categories of interventions. The first are designed to break down the sounds in a word after it has been learnt. The second category are designed to help build up a word from its component sounds. The third take a more whole-language approach. When compared to other forms of intervention those based on phonics instruction, according to this meta-analysis, provide the best outcome for children. Despite this, other interventions are frequently recommended for those with dyslexia these stem from different explanations. One example of a more biological, rather than cognitive approach to dyslexia suggests the source of reading difficulties in this condition is related to deficiencies in the visual system (Lovegrove, Bowling, Badcock Blackwood, 1980). Specifically, this theory is based on findings about two particular visual pathways in the brain: the magnocellular and parvocellular. It is thought that it is the magnocellular pathway that is deficient (Stein Walsh, 1997). This is then thought to cause a variety of visual problems such as unstable eye fixations, poor vergence and visual crowding. It has been argued by Whiteley Smith (2001) that around half of those with dyslexia suffer from eye strain and distortion of text. A treatment for dyslexia suggested by the magnocellular theory is the use of coloured lenses. Irlen (1997) argues that the use of blue filters slows down the functioning of the faster parvocellular pathway, thereby stabilising the speed more in line with the slower magnocellular pathway. Early research such as that carried out by Jeaanes et al. (1997) found these overlays were preferred by children, although later research suggested this was a result of the placebo effect. Attempts to correct for these methodological problems have proved difficult with, for example, Robinson Foreman (1999) finding little support for the coloured lens approach specifically helping those with dyslexia. Along with cognitive and biological explanations for dyslexia have come those which focus on primarily behavioural causes. These can include a wide variety of different sources such as generally poor teaching, a poor relationship with a teacher or a home life that is disturbed (Morton Frith, 1995). Ridsdale (2004) has pointed out the connection between dyslexia and low self-esteem, behavioural difficulties, withdrawal and depression. Behavioural approaches to treatment, then, can aim to raise self esteem which can include changing goal orientations, giving praise, increasing the levels at which others provide support and so on. Metacognitive approaches help to provide ways of thinking about thinking this means teaching those with dyslexia to be able to monitor their thinking processes. Some of these behavioural interventions have been evaluated. Steinhausen and Metzke (2001), for example, found that peer group support could help those with behavioural difficulties. In conclusion, there a variety of cognitive, biological and behavioural explanations for dyslexia, each of which has different associated treatment or management options. In general each of the explanations explains some of the evidence from dyslexia but none of them explain all of it. This suggests that either theories are as yet incomplete, or there are methodological problems with the evaluations or there are different types of dyslexia to be explained. In practical terms, however, support and treatment for those with dyslexia often uses a multi-modal approach on the basis this is more likely to prove beneficial. References Bradley, L., Bryant, P. E. (1978) Difficulties in auditory organisation as a possible cause of reading backwardness. Nature, 271, 746-7. Ehri, L. C., Nunes, S. R., Willows, D. M., Schuster, B. V., Yaghoub-Zadeh, Z., Shanahan, T. (2001). Phonemic Awareness Instruction Helps Children Learn to Read: Evidence from the National Reading Panels Meta-Analysis. Reading Research Quarterly, 36(3), 250-287. Habib, M. (2000) The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia: an overview and working hypothesis. Brain, 123, 2373-2399. Irlen, H. (1997) Reading problems and Irlen coloured lenses. Dyslexia Review, Spring, 4-7. Jeanes, R., Busby, A., Martin, J., Lewis, E., Stevenson, N., Pointon, D., Wilkins A.J. (1997). Prolonged use of coloured overlays for classroom reading. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 531-548. Lovegrove, W.J., Bowling, A., Badcock, B., Blackwood, M. (1980) Specific reading disability: differences in contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency. Science, 210, 439-40. Lyytinen, H., Erskine, J., Aro, M., Richardson, U., (2007) Reading and reading disorders. In: E. Hoff, M. Shatz, (Eds.). Blackwell Handbook of Language Development. London: Blackwell. Morton, J., Frith, U. (1995) Causal modelling: a structural approach to developmental psychopathology. In: D. Cicchetti, D. J. Cohen, (Eds.). Developmental psychopathology. Vol. 1, Theory and methods. London: Wiley. Ridsdale, J. (2004) Dyslexia and self-esteem. In: M. Turner, J. P. Rack (Eds.). The Study of Dyslexia. London: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Robinson, G. L., Foreman, P. J. (1999). Scotopic sensitivity/Irlen syndrome and the use of coloured filters: A long-term placebo controlled and masked study of reading achievement and perception of ability. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 83-113 Snowling, M. J. (1987). Dyslexia: A Cognitive Developmental Perspective. London: Blackwell. Stein, J., Walsh, V. (1997) To see but not to read: the magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Trends in Neuroscience 20, 147-52. Steinhausen, H.C., Metzke, C.W. (2001). Risk, Compensatory, Vulnerability, and Protective Factors Influencing Mental Health in Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(3), 259-280. Whiteley, H. E., Smith, C. D. (2001) The use of tinted lenses to alleviate reading difficulties. Journal of Research in Reading, 24(1) 30-40.

Copyrights in the Music Industry Essay -- Intellectual Property, Copyr

Is important for anyone who has created any intellectual property to protect it. In the music industry, in order for someone to protect their work, they must obtain a copyright. Music has been around before anyone could obtain a copyright and when the invention of the computer came along it made it easier for someone to steal another artist's intellectual property with the help of the internet. This paper will cover what events have taken a big role in copyright protection for artist, the consequences if someone was to break the rules of a copyright which is called copyright infringement, and how will a copyright hold in the future. Were copyrights enacted without the thought of life changing technology, and how can some music companies surpass copyright infringement and make a profit from the artist? Can a copyright really make that much of a difference in the world we know today? Intellectual Property and Copyrights Intellectual property is property resulting from intellectual, creative processes. A product that was created because of someone’s individual thought process. Examples includes books, designs, music, art work, and computer files. (Miller R. J., 2011, p. 114) In the music industry a copyright is an important tool for artist to use to protect themselves from infringers. A copyright is the exclusive right of an author or originator of a literary or artistic production to publish, print, or sell that production for a statutory period of time. A copyright has the same monopolistic nature as a patent or trademark, but it differs in that it applies exclusively to works of art, literature, and other works of authorship (including computer programs). (Miller R. J., 2011, p. 125) How can someone obtain a copyright? To ob... ...en the biggest hurdles the music industry has overcome. Thanks to iTunes and Google Music record labels and artist can reach almost anyone in the world with their music and know that their work won’t be infringed upon. In the next five years copyrights will still have the respect it has today. As technology moves along copyrights will be right behind it revising the rules and regulations to make sure that an artist intellectual property is safe and that the artist or label can receive compensatory damages for copyright infringement. Works Cited A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster Inc., 239 f.3d 1004 (U.S. Court of Appeals For The 9th Circuit 2 12, 2001). Copyright Law of the United States of America. (2013). Retrieved from Copyright United States Copyright Office. Miller, R. J. (2011). Business Law Today: Comprehensive. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Better Business Bureau Essay

The BBB was created to establish an environment of trust between buyers & sellers. This trust is created through the BBB’s â€Å"standards of trust†. Companies that abide by these standards in turn receive accreditation. As a not for profit, the BBB relies on funds from sponsors and members. Up until recent, the BBB seemed to have offered special benefits to those that paid a fee to become members. Such accusations have caused the BBB to address their current system and make changes to ensure fairness amoung members and non-members. 1)Who is the BBB’s most important stakeholder, business or consumers? ->The most important stakeholder for the BBB is the consumer. Yes, businesses provide the resources for the BBB, but they only do this to create a positive image for their brand in the eyes of consumers. If the consumers did not care about the ratings of the BBB then businesses would not invest. 2)Do you think the BBB can truly be impartial given its financial dependence on business? ->No the BBB can’t be impartial. There needs to be a reason for companies to invest in the BBB. If the treatment of non-members were truly the same as members, then the company will give companies little reason to invest. 3)What actions can you take to make sure the â€Å"pay for play† scheme did not happen again? ->The main issue with the â€Å"pay for play† scheme was the fact that those who sold first year memberships received a 45 percent commission. This type of reward system is very similar to the AIG system that caused problems within their company. ->The BBB should implement a new reward system. Maybe a system that provides rewards based on the pitching of memberships to potential business. Employees should be rewarded regardless of if the sale goes through or not.

Student Outlook on the SATs essays

Student Outlook on the SAT's essays The Sat, scholastic assessment test, is used for colleges to measure what a student may be able to do on any given day. Colleges use it as a basis for whom they accept to their college. The SAT is administered by the ETS, or educational testing service. Overall, the SAT is a long, grueling test that tends to cause mostly anxiety among the test-takers. The SAT is a three hour-long test including two ten-minute breaks after Section Two and Section Four. The SAT is divided into 7 sections, which can appear in any order. The sections include: two thirty-minute Verbal sections with analogies, sentence completions, and critical reading, one fifteen minute Verbal section with critical reading, one thirty minute math section with quantitative comparisons and grid-ins, one thirty minute section with regular math, and another fifteen minute section with regular math. Included among the different sections is a thirty-minute experimental section, which could be either math or verbal, but this section does not affect the test-takers score. The SAT is scored on a scale up to 1600, where you can gain a point for a correct answer, but lose a fraction of a point for an incorrect answer. You neither gain nor lose points for omitting a question. Also included in your score is an automatic 200 points on both your Math and Verbal sections. Additionally, at least a C on the SAT is equivalent to an 1100 on the test. The SAT is administered by in a students high school years, but anybody can sign up to take the test. After a survey of random high school students, grades nine through twelve, results proved that older students tend to recognize the importance of the SATs while younger students didnt understand the test as well. Many students believe that the SAT is not an accurate view of how a student will succeed or perform at college level. Students also agreed that colleges should not consider S...

leviathon essays

leviathon essays Liberty is the natural rights of all mankind. It was even created even before our time. Since we have so much freedom, we are in jeopardy by one another due to the fact that we threaten ones will. Competition, aggression, and warfare are always taken place for existence and self-preservation. This is the worse of human nature. We are always striving for peace and serenity, and we do everything that it takes to achieve security for oneself. We all want liberty, but in reality, there is barely any liberty here. As for an example, if a living aquatic animal was to reside all his life in water, it is restrained within the contour boundaries that separates land from water. However, in order to live peacefully without fear, we tend to give up our natural rights to attain our true liberty. Hobbes defines liberty in a different sense. He believes liberty minus all the things that you have to sacrifice in order to obtain true liberty. In other words, we have to surrender certain natural rights to achieve peace and harmony with oneself. He believes each individual can be threatened by one another causing them to be in a state of war. All subjects are willing to go any distance to preserve their own life. Since there are limited resources, each form could possibly desire the same object that will give him the power to continue his existence, resulting warfare in obtaining those objects will be a characteristic of the natural state of man. He believes warfare will be continual as long as seeking of power is continual, which leads to constant fear. In the state of nature, there is always competition, aggression, and warfare; therefore, there is no peace, harmony, and equality. Thus, this force the individuals to form a social contract with the sovereign. They are basically transferring their rights to the government to provide them with security and felicity. However, when entering a contract with the sovereign, th ...

Scholarship essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Scholarship Essay Example ld involve taking up courses in specialized areas as in Economics, Finance, and Business Administration, I could project how dear costs may get in meeting the essential requirements of the chosen business program. Still, I would like to express fervent inclination and desire to be facilitated with adequate scholastic resources and flexible support of all forms once entitled by the scholarship privilege through the University of Texas at Dallas. With a GPA of 3.96, I am quite capable of applying mathematical and analytical comprehension having been engaged in tutoring Math on several fields of discipline involving business and science to fellow college students. There was even a period when the versatility of my knowledge was put to test when I handled tutorials in Chemistry, Physics, and Statistics besides the pre-Calculus requisites. This bundle of experiences as a well-rounded tutor and student majoring in business course at the same time has all the more taught me the essence of education, the impact of the quality of teaching, and the profound value in human relations. In the process, I learned about the significance of investment as viewed from a non-monetary context. To this extent, thus, I can gradually ascertain which subject matters are amply worthwhile to keep and which ones to leave behind as I seek pertinent directions toward academic ends. For this ground, I pledge to make the most of scholarship acquisition w hich I am looking forward to be granted during the Spring of 2012 at the University of Texas at

Research Methods and Perspectives ( International Relations ) Coursework

Research Methods and Perspectives ( International Relations ) - Coursework Example hers frame their studies on a particular subject like international relations, and thus form an appropriate problem statement and find solutions as part of the research work. The studies of these authors have stressed on the involvement of scientific aspects introduced in the understanding of social sciences in relation to the arguments associated with international relations (Dunne, Kurki & Smith, 2007, p.15). A business research deals with the research studies being associated with the world of business and management in reality. The theories of social sciences are also related to the business research methodologies to a large extent. The methods developed in the research studies reflect the relation that social scientists make use of such methods in deriving the relationships between the realities of the social aspects and the manner in which they might be realized. The role of the researcher is highly significant in this context. Some of the theories being used include the grand theories or middle-range theories where at times the theories might provide with limited research opportunities, in other cases being more elaborate and informative. The relevance of data is essential when hypothesis are formulated for researches. The relations between the theory and research can be derived by the deductive theory and the implications are obtained through the induction theory. The positivism th eory if research encompasses both the deductive and inductive aspects of research. In contrast to this is the interpretivism theory. Other theories include the realism, objectivism and other relative measures (Bryman & Bell, 2007, pp. 4-23). The research process of political science has a major significance in the understanding of international relations that has been reflected through the studies of McNabb. He focused on the different purposes based on which a research study is conducted including the exploration, description and explanation of the concerned topic. The study of